The arch   of the aorta passes upwards from the sternal angle  behind the manubrium to arch backwards and to the left over  the left lung ...

The pleura is a fibroelastic serous membrane lined by squamous  epithelium forming a sac on each side of the chest. Each  pleural sac is a c...

The vagus nerve The right vagus enters the thorax posterolateral to the right  brachiocephalic artery and descends lateral to the trachea ...

The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels, arteries , veins , capillaries and sinusoids . The arteries and vei...

GI tract has two types of nerve supply: Intrinsic nerve supply Extrinsic nerve supply. Intrinsic nerve supply Int...

The autonomic nerve supply of the thoracic viscera is via the  cardiac, pulmonary and oesophageal plexuses, which each  receive sympathetic ...

Lymph consists of cells, mainly lymphocytes, and plasma. The lymphatic system collects tissue fluid and conveys it to the bloodstre...

The ascending aorta is a wide vessel some 5 cm long. It begins  at the aortic orifice behind the 3rd right costal cartilage below  the lev...

According to Davenport theory, hydrochloric acid  secretion is an active process that takes place in the  canaliculi of parietal cells in g...

The descending aorta descends from the left of the 4th thoracic  vertebra, inclining medially to the front of the 12th, where it passes thro...